With higher carbon levels will there be a better RUBISCO? I always wonder how nature could make such an atrocity.

I would be grateful if you could include the country this applies to in the title.

For everybody else: it’s the US. Who would have thought.

I never understood BRICS. Sure, they are the second line of industrial powers (China?) but especially India Russia and China hate each other to the bone. They are partners only on paper. If someone can explain it to me please go on .

These are 50 cm wide half spheres. If you find that comparable to the situation in the picture your appetite must be enormous.

I sadly don’t understand these units and your point is drained in it. The point I want to make is that the “force” of vacuum is limited by the difference of pressures.

You say it changes “drasticly” with area or suction but that is untrue. It changes linearly with area (not drastically) and pressure difference has a maximum. The maximum is defined by the pressure of the vacuum(=0) and the pressure of the ambient air (1 arm). Both are constant so the maximum is constant and actually not that big.

The difference between ambient pressure and inner pressure is always smaller than ambient pressure. Delta p is therefore limited. The force comes from Delta p times contact area which is constant.

I sadly don’t know your units of mass but as I said a perfect vacuum over an area such as the Bowl is as strong as a muscle. The Ravioli will in no world produce a strong vacuum so muscle will win in most cases.

It’s delta p and not fraction p. The difference between ambient pressure and inner pressure (at least zero) is always smaller than ambient pressure. Delta p is therefore limited.

The pressure acts over the area of contact. For a perfect vacuum it would lead to ~1kN of force. This is the same order of magnitude our muscles produce. If you take into account that the vacuum results from cooling over such a small temperature interval the force can’t be too high.

The power of suction is physically limited. That means it either isn’t suction or op is crazy weak. My guess is that the plastic melted (probably not from boiling Temp) or op is strongly exaggerating.

The normal lead we know but still special. Is the last stable element in the PSE and there is the theory that it’s actually radioactive (unstable) but the decay is so slow that we probably never see a single atom of it decaying.